Author Adam Goulston, PsyD, MS, MBA, MISD, ELS

The discussion section of a research paper analyzes and interprets the findings, provides context, compares them with previous studies, identifies limitations, and suggests future research directions.

You've done your research, written your manuscript, and submitted it to your target journal. Almost immediately, you get a reply of “no.” You've been desk rejected. Continue reading to learn tips to avoid desk rejection.

Et al. in academic writing helps you cite a publication with multiple contributors. Exactly how and where to use it varies depending on the specific journal publication or prescribed style guide. Even experienced authors have trouble with “et al.” Here we help clarify its use across every major style guide.